Citrus Canker: A Persistent Threat to the Worldwide Citrus Industry—An Analysis
نویسندگان
چکیده
Citrus canker (CC), caused by one of the most destructive subfamilies bacterial phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri (Xcc), poses a serious threat to significantly important citrus fruit crop grown worldwide. This has been subject ongoing epidemiological and disease management research. Currently, five different forms have identified CC, in which Canker A (Xanthomonas citri) being harmful infecting majority cultivars. Severe infection symptoms include leaf loss, premature drop, dieback, severe blemishing or discoloration, decrease quality. The spreads rapidly through wind, rain splash, warm humid climates. study chromosomal plasmid DNA bacterium revealed evolutionary pattern among pathovars, research on Xcc genome advanced our understanding how bacteria specifically recognize infect plants, spread within host, propagates itself. Quarantine exclusion programs, prohibit introduction infected plant material into existing stock, are still use. Other measures eliminating sources inoculum, using resistant hosts, applying copper spray for protection, implementing windbreak systems. main focus this is highlight recent developments fields pathogenesis, epidemiology, symptoms, detection identification, host range, spread, susceptibility, management. Additionally, it presents an analysis economic impact industry suggests strategies reduce its including need international collaboration global industry.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Agronomy
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2156-3276', '0065-4663']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041112